Hernia

Hernias can be symptomless. A visible lump or bulge that appears during certain activities or in certain positions is a sign of a hernia. You may also feel pressure, ache or pinching when the hernia comes out, which can happen during lifting, coughing or laughing.

Hernias are bulges in unusual places, such as the abdomen or inner thigh. They may be visible at times, but some are too deep to see, like femoral and hiatal hernias.

Hernia symptoms can include pressure, aches, or sharp pain when the hernia protrudes. Frequent discomfort warrants seeing a healthcare provider. A hiatal hernia may cause acid reflux, heartburn, regurgitation, and swallowing issues that disrupt daily life. Don’t ignore these warning signs – get evaluated promptly, as leaving a hernia untreated can lead to serious complications.

If you notice a bulge or protrusion, especially during exertion, you may have a hernia. Infants with visible swelling during crying or bowel movements likely have a hernia. Recurring symptoms during the same activities indicate a hernia. Hernias are common and treatable. Seek medical evaluation, as neglecting a hernia can lead to serious complications.

Not usually, but there are some exceptions. For example, a groin hernia can sometimes slip down into your sex organs. It may cause visible scrotal swelling in people with testicles. Femoral hernias more often occur in women or people assigned female at birth (AFAB), and they may cause invisible, unexplained groin pain.

Hernias can extend into the sex organs. Groin hernias can slip into the scrotum, causing visible swelling. Femoral hernias, more common in women, may produce an unexplained groin bulge. Hernias in sensitive regions require medical attention if unusual swelling or changes are noticed, as ignoring them can lead to complications. Most hernias can be effectively managed with proper diagnosis and treatment.

You may be more likely to acquire a hernia if you have:

• A job that involves heavy lifting or many hours of standing.
• A chronic cough or allergies that cause chronic sneezing.
• Chronic constipation and straining to poop or pee.
• A history of abdominal or pelvic surgery.
• Pregnancy, especially repeat pregnancies.
• Chronic obesity (a body mass index, or BMI, greater than 30).

Your child may be more likely to be born with a congenital hernia if they:

• Are born prematurely.
• Have cystic fibrosis.
• Have a connective tissue disorder.
• Have congenital hip dysplasia.
• Have undescended testicles.
• Have other problems in their reproductive system or urinary system.

Hernia complications usually start when a hernia gets stuck and can’t move back into its normal position (incarcerated). An incarcerated hernia can become very painful and serious. If the bowel gets stuck, it may block food or gas. If the stuck tissue loses blood supply (strangulated), it can cause tissue death.

Diaphragmatic hernias have different complications. Organs that herniate through the diaphragm usually won’t get stuck. A hiatal hernia rarely causes serious problems beyond acid reflux. However, a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is always serious, as it affects how a baby’s organs develop. Babies born with CDH will need immediate intensive care.

Any hernia pain should be evaluated by your healthcare provider. It’s important to get an accurate diagnosis, as many other conditions can mimic the symptoms of a hernia. Seek immediate medical attention if your hernia changes color, or becomes numb, or if you have symptoms like fever, nausea, and vomiting.